How to Apply for a National Visa (D) to Study in Europe (Global Guide – 2025)

For international students pursuing education in Europe, obtaining the right visa is a critical first step. While short-term courses may be covered under the Schengen Visa, most academic programs—such as university degrees—require a National Visa (D) for long stays. Whether you're from Indonesia, India, the Philippines, South Africa, or any non-EU country, this global guide will walk you through the process, key requirements, and common pitfalls to avoid. This article is designed for students and guardians planning long-term studies in countries like France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, or other Schengen nations. What Is a National Visa (D)? A National Visa (D) is a long-stay visa that allows non-EU citizens to reside in a Schengen country for more than 90 days. This visa is commonly used for academic purposes, such as bachelor's or master’s degrees, exchange programs, or doctoral studies. Shorter academic stays (e.g. under 90 days for language courses or summer schools) may fall under the Schengen Visa (C) category. Countries in the Schengen Area As of 2025, the Schengen Area includes 29 European countries with no internal borders. Popular study destinations include: • Germany • France • Netherlands • Spain • Italy • Sweden • Finland • Austria • Poland These countries offer world-renowned universities and study programs in multiple languages, including English. Who Needs a National Visa (D)? You need a National Visa (D) if you: • Are a non-EU/non-EEA citizen. • Plan to study in a Schengen country for more than 90 days. • Do not hold a passport from a visa-exempt country. Each country issues its own D-type visas with unique requirements, but the general structure remains similar across Europe. Key Requirements for a National Visa (D) While specific requirements differ slightly by country, most embassies will ask for the following: 1. Valid Passport • Valid for at least 3 months beyond your planned stay • Issued within the last 10 years • Has at least two blank pages 2. Completed Visa Application Form • Available on the consulate’s official website • Filled out and signed appropriately 3. Passport-Sized Photos • Two recent photos meeting ICAO standards 4. Proof of Enrollment • Official acceptance letter from your educational institution • Course details, start/end dates, and tuition confirmation 5. Proof of Accommodation • Student dormitory confirmation or private housing contract 6. Travel Health Insurance • Minimum €30,000 coverage • Valid in all Schengen countries until you obtain residency 7. Proof of Financial Means • Recent bank statements (3–6 months) • Proof of scholarship or sponsorship if applicable 8. Travel Itinerary (if applicable) • Flight bookings showing entry into the destination country 9. Motivation Letter • Describes your academic goals, course details, and intention to return after graduation Application Process: Step-by-Step Step 1: Identify Your Destination Apply through the embassy of the country where you’ve been accepted. If studying in multiple countries, choose the one where you’ll stay the longest. Step 2: Book a Visa Appointment Schedule your interview at the relevant consulate or visa center. Some embassies use third-party providers like VFS Global. If you’re having trouble finding a slot, Outbound Visa can help with appointment support in select locations. Step 3: Prepare and Organize Your Documents Double-check translations, formatting, and country-specific instructions. Step 4: Attend the Interview Be prepared to discuss your study plans, finances, and post-study intentions. Step 5: Wait for a Decision Visa processing typically takes 15–45 calendar days but can vary. Start the process at least 8–12 weeks before your planned departure. Tips to Avoid Visa Rejection A visa denial can disrupt your study plans. Avoid these common mistakes: • Incomplete documents – Always use the latest checklist from the official embassy website. • Weak financial proof – Provide clear evidence of how you’ll support yourself. • Vague academic goals – Your motivation letter should reflect clear purpose and commitment. • Non-compliant insurance – Ensure coverage meets minimum Schengen-wide requirements. Can I Work on a National Visa (D)? Many Schengen countries allow international students on a National Visa (D) to work part-time (usually 10–20 hours per week), though this varies by country. Always check the local rules of your host nation. Can I Travel Within the Schengen Zone? Yes. Once you receive your D-Visa and register your residency upon arrival, you can travel freely across Schengen countries for up to 90 days per 180-day period. Ensure your plans don’t interfere with your academic responsibilities. How Outbound Visa Can Help Navigating visa applications for European universities can be confusing—especially with shifting rules across different countries. Outbound Visa offers tailored support for students worldwide by: • Reviewing and verifying documentation • Assisting with embassy appointment bookings • Offering country-specific visa guidance • Providing support for urgent or complex cases We’ve helped students from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East study across Europe with confidence and clarity. Final Thoughts Studying in Europe offers a gateway to exceptional education, new cultures, and lifelong connections. But success starts with a strong visa application. With the right guidance, you can avoid costly errors and focus on what matters most—your academic journey. Disclaimer: Embassies often request additional documents not listed officially. Requirements vary by case—especially for students who may need to prove financial sponsorship. For clarity and peace of mind, speak with our team before submitting your application.