How to Apply for a National Visa (D) to Study in Europe (Global Guide – 2025)

For international students aiming to pursue higher education in Europe, securing the correct visa is the first essential step. While short-term courses may be covered by the Schengen Visa (Type C), most full-time academic programs—such as bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degrees—require a National Visa (Type D) for long-term stays. Whether you’re applying from Indonesia, India, the Philippines, South Africa, or elsewhere, this 2025 global guide explains the requirements, process, and mistakes to avoid. It’s especially useful for students targeting top destinations like Germany, France, the Netherlands, Spain, and other Schengen nations. What Is a National Visa (D)? A National Visa (Type D) is a long-stay visa that allows non-EU/EEA citizens to reside in a Schengen country for more than 90 days. It is typically issued for: • University degree programs (bachelor’s, master’s, PhD) • Exchange programs • Language preparation courses For stays under 90 days, a Schengen Visa may be sufficient, especially for summer schools or short-term language courses. Countries in the Schengen Area As of 2025, the Schengen Area covers 29 European countries with no internal borders. Popular study destinations include: • Germany • France • Netherlands • Spain • Italy • Sweden • Finland • Austria • Poland These countries are home to prestigious universities, diverse academic programs, and a growing number of English-taught degrees. Who Needs a National Visa (D)? You will need a National Visa (D) if you: • Are a non-EU/non-EEA citizen • Plan to stay in Europe for more than 90 days • Do not hold a passport from a visa-exempt country Each Schengen nation issues its own D-visa, but the structure and requirements are broadly similar. Key Requirements for a National Visa (D) While requirements may vary by country, most embassies request the following: 1. Valid Passport ◦ Issued within the last 10 years ◦ At least 3 months validity beyond your planned stay ◦ At least two blank pages 2. Completed Visa Application Form ◦ Available from the official embassy website ◦ Fully filled and signed 3. Passport-Sized Photos ◦ Two recent photos meeting ICAO standards 4. Proof of Enrollment ◦ Official acceptance letter from your university ◦ Must include program details and tuition information 5. Proof of Accommodation ◦ University dormitory confirmation or rental agreement 6. Travel Health Insurance ◦ Minimum €30,000 coverage ◦ Valid across all Schengen countries ◦ Must cover until your residency permit is issued 👉 Read more: Schengen Visa Insurance Requirements 7. Proof of Financial Means ◦ Recent bank statements (3–6 months) ◦ Scholarship or sponsorship letters if applicable 8. Travel Itinerary (if required) ◦ Flight reservation to your study destination 9. Motivation Letter ◦ Outlines academic goals and intent to return home ⚠️ Be honest and precise. False information can lead to rejection or even a Schengen entry ban. For guidance, Outbound Visa can help review and organize your application. Application Process: Step-by-Step Step 1: Identify Your Destination Apply through the embassy of the country where you’ll study. If you’ll study in multiple countries, apply to the one where you’ll spend the most time. Step 2: Book a Visa Appointment Schedule through the consulate or an authorized provider like VFS Global. 👉 Having trouble booking? See our Schengen visa appointment tips. Step 3: Prepare Your Documents Ensure certified translations and formatting match local requirements. Step 4: Attend Your Interview Expect questions on your study plans, finances, and post-graduation intentions. 👉 Read: How to Prepare for a Schengen Visa Interview Step 5: Wait for Processing Processing times range from 15–45 days. Apply at least 8–12 weeks before departure. Tips to Avoid Visa Rejection Visa rejections can delay your study plans. Common reasons include: • Missing or outdated documents • Insufficient financial proof • Weak or vague motivation letter • Insurance that does not meet Schengen requirements 📌 Read more: Common Schengen Visa Rejection Reasons Can I Work on a National Visa (D)? Yes. Many Schengen countries allow students to work part-time (10–20 hours/week). However, rules differ by country—always confirm local labor laws. Can I Travel Within Schengen? With a valid D-Visa and residency registration, you may travel within the Schengen Area for up to 90 days within any 180-day period. Just ensure it doesn’t interfere with your academic commitments. 👉 Learn more: Traveling to Multiple Countries on a Schengen Visa How Outbound Visa Can Help Visa applications for Europe can be complex. Outbound Visa provides support for: • Reviewing documentation • Booking visa appointments • Navigating embassy-specific rules • Handling urgent or complicated cases We’ve successfully supported students from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East in obtaining study visas to Europe’s top universities. Final Thoughts Studying in Europe opens doors to world-class education, cultural immersion, and international opportunities. But before your academic journey begins, securing your National Visa is essential. With the right preparation—and professional support from Outbound Visa—you’ll be set for success. ⚠️ Disclaimer: Each case is unique, and embassies may request additional documentation. To avoid delays, consult our visa advisors before submitting your application.